{"id":762,"date":"2009-03-25T15:37:15","date_gmt":"2009-03-25T14:37:15","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2019-10-16T11:47:02","modified_gmt":"2019-10-16T09:47:02","slug":"cranca-mediterranea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.masmallorca.es\/ca\/fauna-a-mallorca\/cranca-mediterranea.html","title":{"rendered":"Cranca Mediterr\u00e0nia (Maja Squinado)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-725\" style=\"float: right; border: 0; margin-left: 20px; margin-right: 20px;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masmallorca.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/03\/Cranca_mediterranea_Maja-squinado_mar.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"93\" \/>Actualment a les Illes Balears s\u2019est\u00e0 fent un considerable esfor\u00e7 de creaci\u00f3 de reserves marines com a eines de gesti\u00f3 pesquera i de manteniment de la biodiversitat. Les Illes Balears compten amb 7 reserves marines en l&#8217;actualitat, aix\u00ed com amb un Parc Nacional mar\u00edtim-terrestre (arxip\u00e8lag de Cabrera).<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">A totes aquestes zones protegides la captura de cranques est\u00e0 prohibida, i n&#8217;\u00e9s obligatori la devoluci\u00f3 a la mar de l&#8217;exemplar capturat, ja sigui viu o mort. A l\u2019any 2006 es va localitzar una petita poblaci\u00f3 de cranques aut\u00f2ctones a Formentera, amb les quals es va obtenir la primera posta en captivitat a Espanya. Els anys 2007 i 2008, a partir d&#8217;exemplars reproductors duts de C\u00f2rsega, es va tornar aconseguir la cria de l&#8217;esp\u00e8cie i es van obtenir els primers juvenils de cranca criats en captivitat a tota la Mediterr\u00e0nia.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-730\" style=\"margin: 20px 20px 20px 0px; float: left;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masmallorca.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/03\/Cranca_mediterranea_Maja-squinado.jpg\" alt=\"Cranca_mediterranea_Maja-squinado\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Classificaci\u00f3 de la esp\u00e8cie i estat actual<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Abans de l&#8217;any 1998, nom\u00e9s hi havia una esp\u00e8cie de cranca, anomenada cient\u00edficament <em>Maja squinado<\/em>. Per\u00f2 aquell any, i en base a caracter\u00edstiques morfol\u00f2giques, el Dr. Neumann, zo\u00f2leg, va separar l&#8217;esp\u00e8cie en 2 de diferents, <em>Maja squinado<\/em> i <em>Maja brachydactyla<\/em>. Les dues esp\u00e8cies, morfol\u00f2gicament molt semblants, s\u00f3n presents a les costes espanyoles: la nostra &#8220;cranca&#8221; (&#8220;cabra&#8221; a Catalunya, &#8220;araign\u00e9e de mer&#8221; a Fran\u00e7a, &#8220;crancevola&#8221; a Italia) <em>Maja squinado<\/em>, \u00e9s end\u00e8mica de la Mediterr\u00e0nia i la &#8220;centolla&#8221; o &#8220;centollo&#8221; <em>Maja brachydactyla<\/em>, \u00e9s de distribuci\u00f3 atl\u00e0ntica.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Pel que fa a la &#8220;cranca&#8221; de la Mediterr\u00e0nia, <em>M. squinado<\/em>, tradicionalment i, fins fa uns 40 anys, va ser una esp\u00e8cie consumida a les poblacions del litoral i a la gent de la mar, tot i que mai va ser una esp\u00e8cie de gran inter\u00e8s comercial. Molt abundant a les zones de costa rocosa, a l\u2019actualitat, es pot considerar una esp\u00e8cie en situaci\u00f3 cr\u00edtica a tot el litoral mediterrani espanyol.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignright size-full wp-image-735\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px 10px 20px; float: right;\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masmallorca.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/03\/Cranca_mediterranea_Cranca.jpg\" alt=\"Cranca_mediterranea_Cranca\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">A les Illes Balears, la situaci\u00f3 \u00e9s molt dolenta, per\u00f2 amb difer\u00e8ncies geogr\u00e0fiques: a Mallorca i Menorca tan sols es coneix la captura de qualque exemplar a\u00efllat en els anys 80 i no hi ha const\u00e0ncia de cap captura amb posterioritat a l&#8217;any 1989, quan en d\u00e8cades anteriors les captures eren abundants en determinades zones, com a Cabrera; En canvi, a Eivissa i a Formentera hi ha const\u00e0ncia de forma no oficial de captures regulars, any rera any, d&#8217;un cert nombre de cranques, senyal que all\u00e0 encara hi resta una poblaci\u00f3 relicta.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\">Totes aquestes dades indiquen que la pres\u00e8ncia de l&#8217;esp\u00e8cie a les Illes Balears \u00e9s propera a l&#8217;extinci\u00f3 i en aquests moments podem considerar a la cranca extinta a Mallorca i Menorca i en perill cr\u00edtic d&#8217;extinci\u00f3 a les Piti\u00fcses. La UE en Estrasburg a 1997, estableix a l&#8217;esp\u00e8cie <em>Maja squinado<\/em> en la Mediterr\u00e0nia com esp\u00e8cie de <strong>fauna protegida<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fases larv\u00e0ries de la cranca<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La cranca nom\u00e9s t\u00e9 tres fases larv\u00e0ries: Zoea I, Zoea II i Megalopa.<\/p>\n<div>Zoea i Zoea II<\/div>\n<div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-745\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masmallorca.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/03\/Cranca_mediterranea_Maja-squinado_zoea_2.jpg\" width=\"248\" height=\"137\" align=\"left\" border=\"0\" \/><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-740\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masmallorca.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/03\/Cranca_mediterranea_Maja-squinado_zoea_1.jpg\" width=\"248\" height=\"137\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p align=\"justify\">Megalopa i Juvenil<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" alignleft size-full wp-image-750\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masmallorca.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/03\/Cranca_mediterranea_Maja-squinado_juvenil.jpg\" width=\"248\" height=\"137\" align=\"left\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" size-full wp-image-755\" src=\"https:\/\/www.masmallorca.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/03\/Cranca_mediterranea_Maja-squinado_megalopa.jpg\" width=\"248\" height=\"137\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Actualment a les Illes Balears s\u2019est\u00e0 fent un considerable esfor\u00e7 de creaci\u00f3 de reserves marines com a eines de gesti\u00f3 pesquera i de manteniment de la biodiversitat. Les Illes Balears compten amb 7 reserves marines en l&#8217;actualitat, aix\u00ed com amb un Parc Nacional mar\u00edtim-terrestre (arxip\u00e8lag de Cabrera).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":731,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fauna-a-mallorca","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cranca Mediterr\u00e0nia (Maja Squinado) | +Mallorca: la revista de Mallorca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u00e1s Mallorca, Fauna: La Cranca Mediterr\u00e0nia (Maja Squinado) a Balears 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